Use of Social Marketing to Control the STDs Pandemic Essay

Introduction Since the beginning of time, many of the plagues that we have faced have been global and catastrophic in nature- the Bubonic Plague for example decimated nearly 1/5 of the world population in the Middle Ages. In modern times, the later decades of the 20th century has seen a pandemic that is wrecking just as much havoc on the globe- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and one in particular- HIV and AIDs. The focus of this paper will explore past interventions using social marketing and Social Network Theory as their foundation to encourage condom usage to prevent the spread of STDs. Public Health Concern In modern times, STDs (such as HIV and AIDs) have wrecked such havoc upon the globe with more than 35.3†¦show more content†¦As commercial marketing works towards profits and benefiting the marketer, social marketing works for the benefit for society and the consumer (Pealer 2014). The ultimate goal of social marketing is achieving voluntary behavioral change and adoption of healthier behavioral habits. In the 1970s, Kotler and Zaltman both promulgated that the same marketing principles used to sell products can be used to see ideas. There are four principles to Social Marketing- product, price, place and promotion. Product is the health behavior you want to implement, the changes you want others to take to become healthier. Price is the â€Å"cost† of attaining the behavior, from financial barriers to social pressures inhibiting such health behaviors from taking root. Place is the channels to which one can reach the consumer and promotion are events, outreach programs, public service announcements advocating the behavior. In social marketing, one has to know the audience in question, know their demographics and know how they communicate in order to effectively send your message. (add more here about social marketing etc) Add something about vicarious learning Social Marketing in Practice As HIV/AIDs became more widespread, Louisiana became of the first states in the US to implement a statewide initiative for condom implementation in 1993. As the authors stated, condom social marketing is a key strategy usedShow MoreRelatedThe Center For Disease Control And Prevention2231 Words   |  9 PagesThe Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) states that more than a million people in the United States alone are living with, and dying from Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), and almost one in seven people are unaware of their HIV infection status. Over the past decade, the number of people living with HIV has increased, while the annual number of new HIV infections worldwide has remained relatively high. The trend of new infectionsRead MoreHiv/Aids in Nigeria6960 Words   |  28 Pagesstate of maturity. Gilberto (2003) mentions that nearly all Nigeria, trado-medical herbal doctors are claiming to have cure of HIV/AIDS pictures of sexual transmitted disease and the victims are often displayed to public claiming that the untreated STDs are the causes of AIDs virus. Although many important questions about the disease cannot yet be answered but certain facts demand very clear course of action by governments. Medical supports is very necessary but medical support itself will not stopRead MoreEthics in Pepsico4416 Words   |  18 Pagesprocurement is especially challenging for food and beverage, because agricultural commodities typically rely on low-cost labor inputs and environmentally-damaging technology and practices in order to produce high volumes. These negative environmental and social impacts threaten the reputation of food and beverage firms in the short-term, and the certainty of food supply capacity in the long-term. Ethics and compliance professionals in the Food and Beverag e industry are accountable for ensuring safety andRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 PagesHIV/AIDS is taken into account when analysing a project and when setting project objectives.IFAD project coordinators are made aware of the relevance of HIV/AIDS to their work and trained to integrate response measures. | Representatives of HIV/AIDS control programmes or NGOs working on HIV/AIDS are invited to project planning workshops.Terms of reference for project review and evaluation missions address HIV/AIDS issues. | Source: Adapted from Hemrich, 1997. Vulnerability of IFAD Target Groups toRead MorePublic Health Information Systems5165 Words   |  21 Pages1 BUILDING A ROADMAP FOR HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEROPERABILITY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH (Public Health Uses of Electronic Health Record Data) WHITE PAPER 2007 2 CONTENTS List of Authors: PHDSC - IHE Task Force Participants †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 What is Public Health?....................................................................................................6 Mission†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Stakeholders†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreEpidemiology of Hiv14908 Words   |  60 PagesChapter 1 1.1 Background The HIV and AIDS pandemic remains one the most serious development crises in the world (WHO, 2006). Women and children bear a disproportionate share of the burden, and in many settings continue to experience high rates of new HIV infections and of HIV-related illness and death. In 2005 alone, an estimated 540 000 children were newly infected with HIV, with about 90% of these infections occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS, 2006) .UNAIDS estimates that approximatelyRead MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 PagesNum ber 2 THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE This study was originally prepared by UNDCP as a position paper for the World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen, 6-12 March 1995) Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter Part one: background I. The drug problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 A. B. C. D. E. The

Theories of Philosophy - 2533 Words

When we view the philosophy of mind we encounter many problems, the main being that although there are many theories on this topic it is impossible to prove any of them and thus this problem is still unresolved. How is it that we can understand more about the universe and science than ever before but do not understand what it is that enables us to understand, that is the mind? To answer this rather complicated problem there are many solutions, or theories, each with their good points but none which are totally convincing, though some seem more though than others. These theories are Dualism, the belief that mind and matter are different substances, behaviourism, the belief that for every mental state you can observe a behaviour,†¦show more content†¦Strong behaviourists on the other hand claim there is no such thing as mental sensations or consciousness. The argument behaviourists use to support their theory is the fact that it is virtually impossible to describe a mental lif e to someone without mentioning behaviours, how can you describe happiness without describing what makes you happy? In connection to this is the principle of verification, which says something is only meaningful if it can be verified by a logical relation to other words or concepts. And as the only way to talk of the mental that makes sense is in terms of behaviour then surely it is correct to say that the mental is simply behaviour. As behaviourism has its attractions its easy to see why it may have supporters but it also has some powerful counter-arguments. Those opposed to behaviourism believes it fails because it leaves out a defining feature of mind, qualia, the way things feel or appear to us. Once against the weak behaviourists are against denying this, but they do claim that it has no part in the meaning of mind. But how can the defining feature of something have nothing to do with what it means? Perhaps it is a more compelling argument to ask what the behavioural manifestations of imagining a square or day dreaming are? As there are none behaviourists would behaviourists would tell us that it is impossible to imagine a square. Yet theyd have to have some pretty to strong arguments to convince usShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Philosophy1354 Words   |  6 PagesKantian is regarded as one of the perfect theories ever as far as an issue of morality is concerned. The theory is based on the concept of what is morally permissible by many. This means that the theory defines whether an action is morally right or wrong by evaluating h ow it is permissible by many in the society. Kant, a German philosopher argued that what is accepted in the society is what makes people’s lives good and that is what is moral. The theory states that even the simple things should notRead MoreThe Theory Of Life Philosophy1299 Words   |  6 PagesPeople will develop and shape their own personal philosophy during their lifetime. Some circumstances may drastically change the way they view things, depending on age, social status and personal qualities. As for myself, at this stage in my life I can’t say that my personal philosophy is complete or well-shaped but is developing daily. I want to express my views on the many sides of human life. I will bring attention to such concepts as: life and happiness, good versus evil, morality and faithRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Philosophy Essay2014 Words   |  9 Pages9 Name: Instructor s name: Course: 13 April 2016 ETHICAL THEORIES IN PHILOSOPHY Section one: Introduction Part of being human is the ability to distinguish good from bad and vice versa (Rachels 9). Human nature is a ground for practical and moral norms that is; morality directs us to real human fulfilment. Great thinkers have formulated and developed a significant number of enduring moral principles over the centuries. Philosophy, like other social fields and also like individuals, draw onRead MoreThe Theory And Educational Philosophy Essay2364 Words   |  10 Pagesmain philosophies to take into consideration, and they are as followed. From a teacher centered classroom approach they include Essentialism, Behaviorism, and lastly Positivism. In a student centered classroom approach they are Progressivism, Humanism, and Constructivism. What do these terms mean? Essentialism is and educational philosophy that there is a common core of information and skills that an educated person must have. Behaviorism is a psychological theory and educational philosophy thatRead More theories of philosop hy Essay2498 Words   |  10 Pages When we view the philosophy of mind we encounter many problems, the main being that although there are many theories on this topic it is impossible to prove any of them and thus this problem is still unresolved. How is it that we can understand more about the universe and science than ever before but do not understand what it is that enables us to understand, that is the mind? To answer this rather complicated problem there are many solutions, or theories, each with their good points but none whichRead MoreThe Theory Of The Philosophy Of Education Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching Philosophy Emily E. Blackwell Athens State University Abstract Idealism, thought to be the creation of Greek philosopher, Plato, is the approach that teachers use to get students to ask and answer questions in order to reach the next level of education. 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The purpose of this paper is to examine the author’s personal nursing philosophy and compare it to Jean Watson’sRead MoreNursing Philosophy And Theories Of Nursing1001 Words   |  5 Pages Nursing Philosophy/Theories Eric Trotta West Coast University Nursing 492 Nursing Philosophy/Theories The four elements to the nursing paradigm according to Potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall (2013) is person, health, environmental/situation, and nursing. Potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall (2013) state, â€Å"Nursing is an art and a science† (p. 1). Nurses are the first people see in the hospital or medical facility, they must strive to be knowledgeable in their field of practice. I haveRead MoreLeadership Theory And Philosophy Of Leadership Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe belief of leadership is constantly changing, with many theories and frameworks available. 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Shanghai Business Environment Free Essays

Enterprises that want to invest in China can stumble over an array of regulations that do not give them free choice of where they wish to locate. This situation has been changing, and China’s membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) should act as another catalyst to make the investment climate freer in several industries. Enterprises can look forward to making decisions on where to locate within China based on factors that they would use in the more-familiar open environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Shanghai Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now To appeal to businesses, cities need a good IT infrastructure, strong leadership, incentives, and â€Å"livability† (see Figure A). Figure A The size of China’s market and Western enterprises’ desire to get close to it means that Chinese cities do not generally compete for foreign investment with cities in other Asia/Pacific countries. Outside the manufacturing sector, most enterprises locate in China because they want to sell to China. Of all China’s cities, Shanghai has gone furthest toward the success factors for a global â€Å"smart city. † Its ambition to become a major financial center and player on the international stage by 2015 has fueled this drive. History has also given Shanghai many advantages. It is probably the most outward-looking of any Chinese city and has a strong political voice in Beijing. The latter has allowed Shanghai to lead the way in many initiatives because China’s political leaders often use the city to test out new ideas. As a result, many initiatives that started in Shanghai have now spread elsewhere in China. Shanghai’s characteristics Livability To most Western expatriates, Shanghai is perhaps the most livable of Chinese cities. The city continues to make strides to improve (e. g. , announcing new rules to allow foreigners to buy property for the first time). Measured against other big cities such as Singapore, Hong Kong, or Sydney in the Asia/Pacific region, Shanghai still scores low. From a global perspective, livability is one of Shanghai’s weakest areas. However, livability has a large subjective component, and what appeals to Western tastes may not rank as important to the skilled Chinese workforce that an enterprise might what to attract. Incentives Shanghai has traditionally enjoyed a sizable chunk of foreign investment into China, in part because of its position as a testing ground for reform. In some cases, China has forced foreign investors to set up in the city first. This advantage will diminish, and Shanghai will need to learn to play on a more-level playing field. The city has committed to spending, by 2005, 150 billion yuan (one-third of its total industrial investment) on expanding its high-tech sector. This investment targets software and integrated circuit manufacturing, and the city will provide some tax breaks for new operations and help for self-employed software designers. Keeping costs low is key in attracting new business. Shanghai will have to balance the inevitable rise in labor costs with suitable business incentives. Leadership Shanghai’s leaders know where they want to go during the next 10 or 15 years and what basic things they need to do to get there. However, they did not develop this vision in partnership with business or the community. Rather, as a command economy, decisions have been made by a select few behind closed doors. Thus, its leaders have greater ability to get things done quickly than leaders in democratic societies often have. Cities such as Shanghai can complete projects without long internal or public debate over infrastructure projects that might take years in the planning stages in other countries and involve a myriad of agencies. Shanghai has benefited tremendously (certainly compared to the rest of China) from the pedigree of its leaders. President Jiang Zemin and Premier Zhu Rongji are former leaders of Shanghai and have strongly supported the city. However, Shanghai knows that spending does not necessarily produce results. Ten years ago, it started pouring money into redeveloping the riverside Pudong district into an area of towering skyscrapers, designed to be China’s version of Manhattan. Within a city of 16 million people, Pudong ended up as a ghost town. Slowly, occupation levels have risen, but largely because the central government has â€Å"twisted the arm† of foreign enterprises rather than use real incentives. Infrastructure Many of the city’s hopes revolve around an ambitious project to link all of Shanghai to a giant high-speed data network, known as the Shanghai Infoport. Scheduled for completion in 2010, the project stands out not just for its scale but also for its attempt to bring together many strands of existing infrastructure (telecommunications and cable television especially) into one cohesive network. If it succeeds, Shanghai will be among the few cities in the world to have achieved such a feat. Five main projects will rely on the Infoport’s high-speed infrastructure: 1. Shanghai Information Interchange Network: A â€Å"giant intranet† for Shanghai with links to many kinds of information 2. Shanghai Society Security Network: Designed to offer e-payment and checking and to facilitate the use of smart cards 3. Social Electronic Data Interchange Network for Foreign Trade: An export/import data exchange for foreign trade 4. Social Community Service Network: Focused on the residential community 5. Gold Card and Commercial Value-Added Network: Linking banks’ automated teller machines (ATMs) and payment systems With 3. 2 million users, Shanghai claims to have the largest cable TV network of any city in the world, and this local-access network has a central part in Infoport. Shanghai’s connections in national government played an important role in keeping the project on track. Although cable TV networks in the rest of China were barred for a period from offering Internet or telecommunication services, Shanghai received a special dispensation to upgrade its cable TV networks to do just that. The municipal government claims that 1 million residents can now reach interactive services through their televisions. It wants the entire network to be interactive by 2004. In addition, Shanghai Telecom (part of China Telecom) is rolling out digital subscriber line services and installing the necessary in-building cabling to offer Ethernet broadband access. Mayor Xu Kuangdi talked recently of every home having broadband access by 2004. At the same time, Shanghai Telecom has worked on improving the quality of the core network to be ready for the deluge of new data traffic the Infoport will bring. By year-end 2000, it completed work on what it claims is the world’s largest local ATM network. Shanghai now uses a total of 320,000 kilometers (198,848 miles) of fiber-optic cable, with more than 4,000 optical nodes. Shanghai Telecom says it has deployed optical fiber in more than 90 percent of the city’s residential areas. Shanghai’s challenges Building an infrastructure represents only part of making the Infoport work. The real test is whether people will use it. Only in the last few months have the first real customers logged on, so it’s a little early to tell what the response will be. Cost may prove one prohibiting factor, and the local government may have to consider deep subsidies to encourage more than just the wealthiest people to sign up. Content also remains a question. Experience from elsewhere in the world, especially Singapore, a world-class smart city where government has tried to link itself to all the people, shows that the bulk of a city’s population generally does not have much interest in such projects. They may want video-on-demand, but filling out tax documents online doesn’t really excite them. Bottom line Other Chinese cities, notably Beijing, have begun some of the initiatives under way in Shanghai and are rapidly improving their information infrastructure. Shanghai will likely continue to stand out as China’s smartest city, according to Gartner’s success factors. Shanghai’s early start and its ability to exploit openings created by the central government’s policies will likely keep the city at the forefront of innovation for some time. Shanghai’s advanced, if incomplete, IT infrastructure makes it a good place for Western enterprises to locate central operations in China. In addition, Shanghai is a good place in which to experiment with business-to-business and business-to-consumer projects requiring advanced IT infrastructure in hopes of rolling them out to the rest of the country when the infrastructure permits. How to cite Shanghai Business Environment, Papers

Importance of Ahimsa free essay sample

The Importance of Ahimsa Hinduism Essay Today’s world is an improvement from that of the past; however, the one aspect lacking is peace. Without peace, the world is an aggressive place where people have little or no respect for one another. The solution to this is the practice of nonviolence. Through this practice, society will have the ability to learn the importance of peacefulness and the value of their peers. As a result, society should learn the value of Ahimsa through the actions of Thich Nhat Hanh to understand its significance in today’s world. Ahimsa is a concept, which many consider important to the Hindu religion. The idea of ahimsa is to refrain from violence. Hindus perform this act â€Å"not only to humankind but also to the animal world,† (Brown, 25). The cow, for example, holds a place of holiness and inviolability; therefore, it receives special protection. The idea of ahimsa eliminates abuse and simple hurt and replaces it with compassion towards all living creatures. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Ahimsa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Hindus, all living creatures have a destiny in which they must fulfill. Killing a living creature interferes with its destiny and spiritual progression. Hindus believe â€Å"the act of killing is therefore a bad karma with unhappy consequences for those who indulge it,† (V, 2). Hindus believe the act of killing accompanies terrible consequences. They believe killing another living creature will bring them bad karma. This encourages the concept of nonviolence in the Hindu religion. Consequently, the ethical notion of ahimsa is beneficial to society as it expresses both compassionate behaviour and good karma. Thich Nhat Hanh is a terrific Buddhist who strongly values the idea of ahimsa. He has used it throughout many parts of his life. Thich Nhat Hanh supports a movement recognized as engaged Buddhism, which united traditional meditation with civil disobedience. Furthermore, he founded peace magazine, and encouraged world leaders to use nonviolence as a tool to achieve peace. (http://www. seaox. com/thich. html). Hanh’s hard work to promote peace resulted in conflict resolution of the Vietnam problems. Moreover, Thich Nhat Hanh founded the School of Youth for Social Services in the 60’s. This foundation helped set up schools and medical centers, assisted families resettle, and lastly organized agricultural cooperatives. The School of Youth for Social Services encouraged ahimsa as they â€Å"based [their] work on the Buddhist principles of non-violence and compassionate action,† (http://www. dharmamemphis. com/magnolia/tnhbio. html). Due to the tremendous hard work of the school to reduce violence, they were successful in helping people refuse to accept violence in modern society. This is the reason why Thich Nhat Hanh put a great deal various efforts to promote ahimsa. Thich Nhat Hanh is an ideal role model which humanity should have a high regard for and admire to consequently practice the same concept of nonviolence behavior which he influenced many to practice. Violence is present in today’s society through genocide and wars. Genocide is a deliberate slaughter of a national, racial, political or cultural group. This form of injustice still occurs in various countries today. It is most common in Darfur, Sudan where genocide â€Å"has claimed 400,000 lives and displaced more than 2,500,000 people,† (Darfur, 2). This form of violence and injustice remains in today’s world as the government disregards the problems. If the government chose to practice the idea of ahimsa, the cruelty and unfairness would replace itself with peace and respect. In addition to the issue of genocide, the war in Iraq is another example of violence and injustice in today’s civilization. This war began in March of 2003 and is still taking place today. The war has taken many lives and scarred many others when they think about this painful war. In September of 2004, â€Å"the death toll for U. S soldiers in Iraq passed 1, 000,†